Recent intensification strategies of SnO2-based photocatalysts: A review

SnO2-based photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic activity and promising prospects have widespread applications in the field of environmental science and energy. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of traditional SnO2 semiconductor with its inherent drawbacks is far from the actual requirements. Considerable works have been carried out to structural design, control morphology and construct composite systems to improve the photocatalytic performance. In this review, the latest developments and achievements of adjustment methods have been discussed in detail including doping, solid solution, stoichiometry alteration, ultrafine particles, fibers, thin structures, hierarchical and porous structures, crystal facet engineering, heterojunctions, SnO2/carbon materials, noble metal modified and dye sensitized SnO2. The photocatalytic applications of SnO2-based photocatalysts in organic pollutants degradation, water splitting, Cr(VI) reduction, CO2 reduction, air purification, and photocatalytic sterilization are summarized. Finally, the development prospects and challenges of SnO2-based photocatalysts are also proposed.