Virtual hysterosalpingography: A new non-invasive tool for the assessment of uterine cavity and fallopian tubes

Hysteroscopy is considered the gold standard for assessing the endometrial cavity [ [1] Parry J.P. Isaacson K.B. Hysteroscopy and why macroscopic uterine factors matter for fertility. Fertil. Steril. 2019; 112: 203-210 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar ]. However, it is an invasive technique and causes discomfort to patients. In addition, the assessment of the endometrial cavity can be performed using contrast ultrasound (US). Three-dimensional (3D) hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography, which combines second-generation contrast agents, such as SonoVue (Bracco International, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), and coded contrast imaging (General Electric Healthcare, Zipf, Austria), allow the detailed assessment of the uterine cavity and the patency of the fallopian tubes (FTs), producing a virtual hysterosalpingographic (VH) image, which can provide a noninvasive view of the uterine cavity and FTs [ [2] Cossi P.S. Werner H. Martins W.P. Peixoto A.B. Araujo Júnior, E. Virtual hysteroscopy: a new non-invasive approach for the assessment of uterine cavity. Med. Ultrason. 2017; 19: 216-217 Crossref PubMed Scopus (2) Google Scholar ].