Equifinal configurations of prompting green intellectual capital and the subsequent green business model design effect

Purpose Based on the technology-organization-environment framework and configurational perspective, this study aims to examine how different antecedent conditions interact to shape green intellectual capital (GIC) and the subsequent effects of green business model design. Design/methodology/approach The study uses fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis and propensity score matching to analyze data from 312 Chinese enterprises. Findings About seven paths formed by big data analysis capabilities, green supply chain integration and cultural environment interaction to achieve high GIC and seven paths leading to non-high GIC. There are two sets of replaceable antecedent configurations. In addition, configurations P1a, P1b, P3c, P5 and P6, respectively, promote the novelty- or efficiency-centered green business model design. Configuration P3a promotes the design of two green business models simultaneously, while configuration P3b does not promote them. Originality/value This study reveals the interactive mechanism of multiple antecedents of GIC, elucidates the important factors and possible substitution effects in achieving GIC and deepens the understanding of the green business model design effect of GIC. In addition, our results provide new insights for businesses to take the initiative in shaping the advantages of GIC and green business model design and inspire public policies and attitudes towards environmental protection.