材料科学
X射线光电子能谱
结构精修
分析化学(期刊)
兴奋剂
扫描电子显微镜
X射线吸收光谱法
电导率
阳极
电极
吸收光谱法
晶体结构
结晶学
化学
化学工程
物理化学
光电子学
光学
复合材料
物理
色谱法
工程类
作者
Basit Ali,Raz Muhammad,M. Saif Islam,Daniel Adjah Anang,Daseul Han,Iqra Moeez,Kyung Yoon Chung,Min Kyung Cho,Jiyoung Kim,Min Kim,Ki Woong Nam
出处
期刊:ACS applied energy materials
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2023-04-10
卷期号:6 (8): 4198-4210
被引量:6
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsaem.2c04143
摘要
Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), an excellent anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), suffers from low electronic conductivity, limiting its high-power rate application. An aliovalent metal ion doping strategy that tunes the electronic/ionic conductivity can mitigate this issue. In this work, we investigated a series of Cd2+ dopings on the Li4–xCdxTi5O12 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20) anode material by considering its effect on structural and electrochemical performance in Li- and Na-ion batteries. Combined Rietveld refinement and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis explicitly identified Cd2+ doping into the Li(8a) tetrahedral site of the cubic spinel LTO structure. According to high-resolution powder diffraction (HRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 4-point probe, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), an increase in Cd2+ doping from 5 to 20% at the Li (8a) site in the LTO results in a reduction in particle size, an expansion of lattice, an increase in conductivity, and an increase in Ti3+ content to Ti4+ ratio. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HR-STEM) confirms that cadmium ions are interstitially doped in the LTO structure. Compared to the pristine LTO electrode in the Li half cell, the Li3.80Cd0.20Ti5O12 (Cd0.20-LTO) electrode showed a significant improvement in capacity at high rates and excellent cycling performance. The improvement in performance for Cd0.20-doped LTO is a consequence of the reduction in the diffusion path and the faster Li-ion kinetics. Therefore, this Cd-doped LTO series of electrodes demonstrates advantageous features for Li-ion battery systems.
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