Stateless nationality (statelessness) means a state in which a natural person is not considered its people by the laws of any state, or it means that the natural person does not belong to any state. Stateless people face many obstacles and serious threats to the protection of international law because they do not have the nationality of any country. The purpose is to investigate the legal status of a stateless person and the regulation of this issue by international law and its prevalence in the world. An in-depth analysis of the current situation of stateless people in the world and the theoretical basis of their protection will help to strengthen the protection of stateless people and reduce their status of stateless people. Therefore, it is necessary to study the protection of stateless states so that respect for individuals and their fundamental human rights can be fully demonstrated. The signing of new multilateral international treaties is also an effective way to further reduce the existence of stateless people, which will maximize the opportunity for otherwise stateless people to obtain the corresponding nationality.