The therapeutic benefit of lemon with its history, phytochemistry, pharmacological, experimental and clinical studies: A comprehensive review with Unani perspectives.

Background: Lemon (Citrus limon), a widely used fruit from the Rutaceae family, has been valued since ancient times for its nutritional and medicinal properties. In Unani medicine, it is recognized for both its therapeutic and protective effects across various body systems. Today, lemon is gaining renewed attention for its pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and culinary applications. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of its biological activities and therapeutic potential, backed by scientific evidence. Methodology: This paper compiles information from classical Unani texts and modern scientific literature, covering the history, types, physical traits, active constituents, and pharmacological effects of lemon. Given the vast data available, we focused on aspects most relevant to clinical practice. Observations and Conclusion: Citrus limon shows a wide range of therapeutic effects antidiabetic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, antiparasitic, anti-allergic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective with a favorable safety profile. These findings support its value as a medicinal plant and its potential for future use in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development. Keywords: Citrus limon, Unani medicine, therapeutic potential, pharmacological activity, lemon juice.