Photodynamic Therapy Induced Mitochondrial Targeting Strategies for Cancer Treatment: Emerging Trends and Insights

光动力疗法 纳米载体 线粒体 癌细胞 靶向治疗 医学 癌症 生物信息学 癌症研究 生物 药理学 化学 内科学 药品 细胞生物学 有机化学
作者
Vaibhavi Meghraj Desai,Mahima Choudhary,Rajdeep Chowdhury,Gautam Singhvi
出处
期刊:Molecular Pharmaceutics [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:21 (4): 1591-1608
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01185
摘要

The perpetuity of cancer prevalence at a global level calls for development of novel therapeutic approaches with improved targetability and reduced adverse effects. Conventional cancer treatments have a multitude of limitations such as nonselectivity, invasive nature, and severe adverse effects. Chemotherapy is also losing its efficacy because of the development of multidrug resistance in the majority of cancers. To address these issues, selective targeting-based approaches are being explored for an effective cancer treatment. Mitochondria, being the moderator of a majority of crucial cellular pathways like metabolism, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, are an effective targeting site. Mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) has arisen as a potential approach in this endeavor. By designing photosensitizers (PSs) that preferentially accumulate in the mitochondria, PDT offers a localized technique to induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells. In this review, we intend to explore the crucial principles and challenges associated with mitochondria-targeted PDT, including variability in mitochondrial function, mitochondria-specific PSs, targeted nanocarrier-based monotherapy, and combination therapies. The hurdles faced by this emerging strategy with respect to safety, optimization, clinical translation, and scalability are also discussed. Nonetheless, mitochondria-targeted PDT exhibits a significant capacity in cancer treatment, especially in combination with other therapeutic modalities. With perpetual research and technological advancements, this treatment strategy is a great addition to the arsenal of cancer treatment options, providing better tumor targetability while reducing the damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This review emphasizes the current status of mitochondria-targeted PDT, limitations, and future prospects in its pursuit of safe and efficacious cancer therapy.
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