Co-immobilization of enzymes and chemocatalysts for one-pot chemoenzymatic cascades: Scaffold engineering toward more efficient catalysis

The combination of enzymes and chemocatalysts for one-pot chemoenzymatic cascade reactions has emerged as a promising field for advancing atom-economic and environmentally friendly catalytic processes. Different operating conditions and/or mutual deactivation of enzymes and chemocatalysts limit synthetic efficiency and yields. The co-immobilization of enzymes and chemocatalysts is an effective and robust approach to overcoming the limitations and improving cooperation between catalysts. Thus, the rational design and engineering of scaffolds for co-immobilization are of paramount importance. In this review, we highlight recent works addressing the topic of scaffold engineering toward more efficient chemoenzymatic cascade reactions. We discuss the co-immobilization methods, catalytic structure-function relationships, and applications for one-pot chemoenzymatic cascades. In addition, we summarize five positive effects of scaffolds on the co-immobilized catalysts. Lastly, perspectives on challenges and future directions in this growing field are provided.