Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and diabetes: a population-based study from the NHANES

Background Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) has been reported to be associated with diabetes. We aimed to assess possible links between SII and diabetes. Methods Data were obtained from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. After removing missing data for SII and diabetes, we examined patients older than 20 years. Simultaneously, the relationship between SII and diabetes was examined using weighted multivariate regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and smooth curve fitting. Results There were 7877 subjects in this study, the average SII was 524.91 ± 358.90, and the prevalence of diabetes was 16.07%. Weighted multivariate regression analysis found that SII was positively associated with diabetes, and in model 3, this positive association remained stable (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.06; p = 0.0006), indicating that each additional unit of SII, the possibility of having diabetes increased by 4%. Gender, age, BMI, regular exercise, high blood pressure, and smoking did not significantly affect this positive link, according to the interaction test (p for trend>0.05). Discussion Additional prospective studies are required to examine the precise connection between higher SII levels and diabetes, which may be associated with higher SII levels.