Research Progress of Biochar Materials in Heavy Metal Pollution Treatment Application

To study the mechanism of the role of biochar in treating heavy metal contaminated water, different heavy metal treatment processes and their action principles were studied, the preparation methods, physicochemical properties and action mechanisms of biochar in heavy metal water pollution treatment were reviewed, different preparation methods (such as pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization) and activation methods of biochar were compared, and the impacts of the porosity, surface area, surface charge, and functional groups on the adsorption process as well as different adsorption mechanisms for heavy metals such as Pb, Cu, Ni have been discussed. Finally, it was pointed out that current research on biochar for treating water and soil contaminated with heavy metals is inadequate, and it was proposed that future research will be devoted to the pollution and recycling reapplication of the biochar itself.