The effectiveness of the comprehensive geriatric assessment for older adults with frailty in hospital settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is performed by a multidisciplinary team and includes systematic comprehensive team assessment and treatment. Comprehensive geriatric assessment has become a fundamental component of geriatric nursing, as a multidimensional approach is necessary to achieve the best diagnosis and therapy for older adults with frailty. The aim of our review was to analyze the effects of comprehensive geriatric assessment interventions on older adults with frailty in hospital settings. The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from inception to February 28, 2024. Only randomized controlled trials were included in the analysis. The risk ratios (RRs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated to determine the pooled intervention effects. Sensitivity analyses and publication bias analyses were also conducted. Methodological quality and evidence were assessed using the RoB2 tool and GRADE pro online tool. A total of 18 randomized controlled trials were included in this study. The results showed that participants in the intervention group had a lower risk of having decreased activities of daily living than did those in the control group (RR = 0.55, 95 % CI: 0.33 to 0.92, P = 0.021, low certainty of evidence). Comprehensive geriatric assessment was associated with a reduced mortality risk (RR = 0.85, 95 % CI: 0.73 to 0.99, P = 0.038, high certainty of evidence). In conclusion, this systematic review analyzed the available literature, and the results showed that comprehensive geriatric assessment had significant benefits in terms of increased independence and was associated with a reduced mortality risk for older adults with frailty in hospital settings. However, the evidence was limited. Thus, more research is needed in the future to further enrich the evidence in the field of comprehensive geriatric assessment interventions for older adults with frailty.