The adverse impact of ecotropic viral integration site‐1 (EVI1) overexpression on the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia with KMT2A gene rearrangement in different risk stratification subtypes

AML patients with KMT2A-MLLT3 and other 11q23 abnormalities belong to the intermediate and high-risk level groups, respectively. Whether the poor prognostic value of Ecotropic Viral Integration site-1 (EVI1) overexpression suits either the subtypes of KMT2A-MLLT3 or Non-KMT2A-MLLT3 AML patients (intermediate and high risk group) needs to be further investigated.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 166 KMT2A-r and KMT2A-PTD AML patients.For the Non-KMT2A-MLLT3 group, patients in the EVI1-high subgroup had shorter OS and DFS and higher CIR than those in the EVI1-low subgroup (p = .027, p = .018, and p = .020, respectively). Additionally, both KMT2A-MLLT3 and Non-KMT2A-MLLT3 patients who received chemotherapy alone had poorer prognosis than patients who also received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) regardless of their EVI1 expression level (all p < .001). For transplanted patients with KMT2A-MLLT3 or Non-KMT2A-MLLT3 rearrangement, the EVI1-high subgroup had worse prognosis than the EVI1-low subgroup (all p < .05). The 2-year CIR of the KMT2A-MLLT3 and Non-KMT2A-MLLT3 groups with high EVI1 expression was high (52% and 49.6%, respectively). However, for patients with low EVI1 expression, the 2-year CIR of transplanted patients with KMT2A-MLLT3 and Non-KMT2A-MLLT3 was relatively low.Our study showed that for the Non-KMT2A-MLLT3 group, the EVI1-high group had shorter OS and DFS than the EVI1-low group. High EVI1 expression showed an adverse effect in AML with KMT2A rearrangement in different risk stratification subtypes. For the EVI1-high patients with non-KMT2A-MLLT3 rearrangement, other novel regimens towards relapse should be taken into consideration.