Gut Microbiota as Emerging Players at the Development of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease

The incidence and mortality of alcohol-related liver disease are increasing worldwide. The pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver disease includes the combined effects of multiple factors such as oxidative stress caused by ethanol metabolism, immune response and inflammation. Recent studies reported that gut microbiota also play important roles in the development of alcohol-related liver disease. The relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria increased in alcohol-related liver disease patients and Enterococcus faecalis was positive related with the severity of alcohol-related liver disease. Some probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium can alleviate alcohol-related liver disease. We further explored the impact of gut microbiota on the occurrence and development of alcohol-related liver disease, discussed the potential mechanism of gut microbiome promoting the development of alcohol-related liver disease, and provided an effective early intervention method for alcohol-related liver disease.