Discovery of Sesquiterpene Lactones with Cytotoxicity from the Herb of Youngia japonica

Abstract In the process of searching for anti‐breast cancer agents, five sesquiterpene lactones ( 1 ‐ 5 ), including two previously undescribed ones, yjaponica B‐C ( 1 ‐ 2 ), were isolated from the herb of Youngia japonica . Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analyses and Marfey's method. Cytotoxic activities of all compounds against A549, U87, and 4T1 cell lines were tested using the CCK8 assay. The result showed that compound 3 possessed the highest cytotoxic activity against 4T1 cells with an IC 50 value of 10.60 μM. Furthermore, compound 3 distinctly induced apoptosis, inhibited immigration, and blocked the cell cycle of 4T1 cells. In addition, compound 3 induced the production of reactive oxygen species. Further anticancer mechanism studies showed that compound 3 significantly upregulated expression of the cleaved caspase 3 and PARP, whereas it downregulated the expression of Bcl‐2, cyclin D1, cyclin A2, CDK4, and CDK2. Taken together, our results demonstrate that compound 3 has a high potential of being used as a leading compound for the discovery of new anti‐breast cancer agent.