Electrochemical C–N Bond Formation for Sustainable Amine Synthesis

Electrochemical C–N bond-forming reactions represent a potentially greener method for fossil fuel-based technologies for the formation of amines, with several advantages including synthetic simplicity, large substrate scope, and potential for scale up. Recent developments in amino acid synthesis using biomass-derived keto acids and ammonia or hydroxylamine have attracted attention for sustainable amino acid synthesis. The synthesis of amine derivatives from CO2 and amines as feedstocks has become an important viable methodology for sustainable electrochemical amine synthesis. C–N bond-forming reactions represent an important synthetic class because amine derivatives play crucial roles in various applications in biology and synthetic chemistry. Recently, electrochemical C–N bonding methods have attracted attention due to several advantages such as their simplicity and possibility of low-cost scale up. Meanwhile, due to severe environmental problems such as global warming and air pollution associated with non-sustainable fossil fuel-based technologies, sustainable synthesis of chemicals and fuels is indispensable. In this review, electrochemical C–N bonding reactions (e.g., amino acid synthesis from biomass, amides from CO2) are discussed in detail because of the environmentally benign advantages of these methods. Moreover, the mechanism of C–N bonding reactions and future directions to improve the efficiency and selectivity are described. C–N bond-forming reactions represent an important synthetic class because amine derivatives play crucial roles in various applications in biology and synthetic chemistry. Recently, electrochemical C–N bonding methods have attracted attention due to several advantages such as their simplicity and possibility of low-cost scale up. Meanwhile, due to severe environmental problems such as global warming and air pollution associated with non-sustainable fossil fuel-based technologies, sustainable synthesis of chemicals and fuels is indispensable. In this review, electrochemical C–N bonding reactions (e.g., amino acid synthesis from biomass, amides from CO2) are discussed in detail because of the environmentally benign advantages of these methods. Moreover, the mechanism of C–N bonding reactions and future directions to improve the efficiency and selectivity are described. a heterocyclic compound used in chemistry and biology for various purposes. proton-transfer reactions play critical roles in biology and chemistry. If a proton is transferred from the first carbon to third carbon in a chain, it is termed a 1,3-proton transfer. the synthesis of a specific enantiomer or diastereomer utilizing specific catalysts or methods. plant biomass comprising carbohydrate polymers and aromatic polymers such as lignin. It can be used as source for the synthesis of chemicals and fuels because it contains sugar molecules and aromatics. a brand name of sulfonated polytetrafluoroethylene. Nafion is a cation conductor used as a membrane or adhesive that does not conduct electrons or anions. The protons on the -SO3H group are responsible for the proton conductivity.