Mechanism of Selenium Nanoparticles Inhibiting Advanced Glycation End Products

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been applied in fields of nanobiosensors, environment, nanomedicine, etc. as a result of their excellent characteristics. Early studies had shown that SeNPs have certain inhibition ability against glycation, but the inhibition mechanism, especially for the influence of SeNPs on the reaction activity of glycation sites, remains unclear. The aim of the presented research was to reveal the effects of SeNPs on the β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg)/d-ribose glycation system at the molecular level and explore the possible inhibitory mechanism of SeNPs on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by analyzing the glycation sites via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–Orbitrap–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Changes in contents of AGE formation and free amino acid contents had indicated that SeNPs could significantly slow the glycation process, thus attenuating the formation of AGEs. HPLC–Orbitrap–MS/MS analysis revealed that, at 6, 12, and 24 h, the number of glycation sites of glycated β-Lg decreased from 7, 7, and 9 to 5, 5, and 6 after the intervention of SeNPs, respectively. The glycation extent of each glycation site was controlled, and the dual-glycation ability of K8, K14, K47, K91, and K101 was changed. All of these results confirmed that SeNPs could indeed slow the process of protein glycation at the molecular level. This may be the reason for SeNPs reducing the formation of AGEs during glycation. Therefore, this study shed light on the insight of how SeNPs reduce the formation of AGEs.