Recent advances in mechanistic understanding and analytical methodologies of the electrochemiluminescence of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) and tri-n-propylamine

The classic and most widely used electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of the tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) luminophore and tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) co-reactant remains of intense interest to researchers, with continued explorations of the fundamental interfacial and solution chemistry of ECL, approaches to enhance ECL intensities, and expansion of ECL to new areas of application. Herein, we examine some important recent developments in the understanding and application of this principal ECL system.