Symbiotic Algae–Bacteria Dressing for Producing Hydrogen to Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing

Oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia or chronic inflammation can limit diabetic wound healing, resulting in diabetic foot ulcers. Hydrogen has the potential to act as an antioxidant and scavenge reactive oxygen species, thereby attenuating inflammation in these chronic wounds. However, most of the reported H2 delivery systems for wound healing, including hydrogen gas, hydrogen-rich water, and hydrogen-rich saline, are very short-lived for the low solubility of hydrogen gas. Here, we introduce a hydrogen-producing hydrogel made of living Chlorella and bacteria within a cell-impermeable casing that can continuously produce hydrogen for 60 h. This microbe–hydrogel system can selectively reduce highly toxic •OH and ONOO– species and reduce inflammation. Additional experiments indicated that the microbe–hydrogel dressing could promote cell proliferation and diabetic wound healing by almost 50% at day 3. The symbiotic algae–bacteria hydrogel has excellent biocompatibility and reactive oxygen species scavenging features, indicating it has great promise for clinical use.