Enzyme‐Mediated Alleviation of Peroxide Toxicity in Self‐Oxygenating Biomaterials

Abstract Oxygen releasing biomaterials can facilitate the survival of living implants by creating environments with a viable oxygen level. Hydrophobic oxygen generating microparticles (HOGMPs) encapsulated calcium peroxide (CPO) have recently been used in tissue engineering to release physiologically relevant amounts of oxygen for several weeks. However, generating oxygen using CPO is mediated via the generation of toxic levels of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). The incorporation of antioxidants, such as catalases, can potentially reduce H 2 O 2 levels. However, the formulation in which catalases can most effectively scavenge H 2 O 2 within oxygen generating biomaterials has remained unexplored. In this study, three distinct catalase incorporation methods are compared based on their ability to decrease H 2 O 2 levels. Specifically, catalase is incorporated within HOGMPs, or absorbed onto HOGMPs, or freely laden into the hydrogel entrapping HOGMPs and compared with control without catalase. Supplementation of free catalase in an HOGMP‐laden hydrogel significantly decreases H 2 O 2 levels reflecting a higher cellular viability and metabolic activity of all the groups. An HOGMP/catalase‐laden hydrogel precursor solution containing cells is used as an oxygenating bioink allowing improved viability of printed constructs under severe hypoxic conditions. The combination of HOGMPs with a catalase‐laden hydrogel has the potential to decrease peroxide toxicity of oxygen generating tissues.