Development of a crop water use monitoring system using electromagnetic induction survey

Monitoring soil water use at the plot level is essential for studying the plant's response to drought or irrigation. However, the current soil monitoring system using moisture sensors is impractical. Soil electromagnetic induction (EMI) surveys can be a rapid, convenient, and non-invasive solution for monitoring soil moisture changes at the plot level. This study developed a crop water use monitoring system for the plot level using an EMI instrument that collects measurements at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 cm above the ground surface. The EMI data were converted to bulk soil electrical conductivity (σ) to the depth 1.5 m via an inversion technique and correlated with measured volumetric moisture contents. The EMI system was first tested for variation in ambient temperature. Within the temperature range of 25.5–34 °C, the standard deviation varied between 0.84 and 3.45 mS m−1 with coefficient of variations 1.54–9.26%. The system was then tested on a field trial at Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia, to measure the water use of chickpea genotypes grown over a season. The total water use of chickpeas obtained from EMI surveys correlated highly with values obtained from the Neutron Moisture Meter (NMM) (R2 = 0.73). Time-series of water content, as measured by the EMI survey, could differentiate the water use of different genotypes. In conclusion, the EMI survey is an efficient technique for monitoring crop water use.