Chemical and enzymatic strategies for the synthesis, ligation, assembly and emerging applications of DNA nanostructures

, including drug delivery, bioimaging, molecular machines, and therapeutic interventions. Finally, we highlight emerging frontiers of DNA nanotechnology, particularly its integration into nanoelectronics and its transformative potential as a medium for digital data storage. By addressing recent advances, current challenges, and future perspectives, this review underscores the pivotal role of chemical and enzymatic techniques in advancing DNA nanotechnology as a foundational platform for next-generation biomedical, materials, and information technologies.