Innovations in mRNA-Based Nanoparticle for the Treatment of Ocular Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract: The eye, due to its complex anatomy and physiology, presents numerous barriers that restrict the access of drug molecules to the site of action for the maintenance of optimal concentration. Thus, limited drug bioavailability is one of the significant issues with commercially existing drug delivery systems in achieving overall therapeutic effectiveness. Recently, the field of ocular health and management has garnered much attention for the innovation of efficient nanotechnology approaches to overcome the constraints imposed by the intricate anatomy and physiology of the eye. Hypothesizing that the conjugation of mRNA-based therapies with the latest nano delivery systems can overcome these barriers, this review was designed to explore the outstanding potential of these approaches for the management of ocular disorders. With extensive investigations of current findings, the authors believe that such integrations present exciting opportunities to pave the way for the development of effective approaches for various ocular disorders such as uveitis, Leber congenital amaurosis, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and many more. Moreover, the approaches exploiting the combination of mRNA and nanotechnology offer effective solutions to address the limitations of currently available management strategies. This review presents various innovative mRNA-based nanotechnology approaches, their mechanisms, challenges, and prospects for further development, focusing on the immense potential of mRNA-based strategies to revolutionize the landscape of ocular therapeutics.