Guidelines for Zn‐NO 3 − Battery Test in Electrochemical Nitrogen Cycle Research

Abstract Industrial nitrate (NO 3 − ) pollution and energy‐intensive ammonia (NH 3 ) synthesis exacerbate ecological pressures. Zn‐NO 3 − batteries, which integrate pollutant conversion, in situ NH 3 synthesis, and electricity generation, face performance incomparability issues due to the absence of standardized testing protocols. This study establishes the first standardized testing guideline for Zn‐NO 3 − batteries. By analyzing recent literature sources, it reveals the correlation between insufficient disclosure of key parameters and highly scattered performance data. Systematic experiments demonstrate that: cathode sizes ≥1 cm 2 mitigate measurement distortion from capillary effects; anode electrolytes with ≥3 M KOH eliminate passivation layers via soluble [Zn(OH) 4 ] 2 − formation; chronoamperometry outperforms linear sweep voltammetry in circumventing double‐layer capacitance interference; catalysts/electrodes must maintain >90% Faradaic efficiency of NH 3 across a wide current window to meet practical operation requirements; zero‐gap flow cell incorporating anion exchange membrane reduce internal resistance by 94%, achieving a peak power density of 30.86 mW cm − 2 . This work proposes a standardized checklist encompassing nine core parameters, establishing a unified testing framework for reliable Zn‐NO 3 − battery research and cross‐platform data comparison.