Atypical Developmental Patterns of Sensorimotor‐Related Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A BrainAGE Study Based on Resting‐State fMRI

ABSTRACT Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by atypical brain development. Previous whole‐brain BrainAGE studies have unveiled the presence of accelerated or delayed brain function developmental patterns in individuals with ASD. However, it remains unclear whether these patterns manifest at a global level throughout the entire brain or are specific to certain functional sub‐networks. The study included resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 127 individuals with ASD and 135 healthy controls (aged between 5 and 40 years). ALFF maps were measured for each participant. Then, sub‐network‐level BrainAGE analyses were conducted across 10 sub‐networks using the Individual‐weighted Multilayer Perceptron Network (ILWMLP) regression method. The BrainAGE analyses revealed atypical developmental trajectories in sensorimotor‐related sub‐networks, encompassing auditory, motor, and sensorimotor sub‐networks. In individuals with ASD, delayed brain function development was observed in the auditory and sensorimotor networks, with a more pronounced delay observed in older individuals. Conversely, the motor network exhibited accelerated development in younger individuals but delayed development in older individuals. Our findings unveiled aberrant developmental patterns in sensorimotor‐related sub‐networks among individuals with ASD, exhibiting distinct atypical profiles across different sub‐networks. These results might contribute to a deeper understanding of the deviant brain development observed in ASD.