Anti-angiogenic therapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade mediates CCR7+CD8+ T-cell entry into HCC through high endothelial venules

HEVs are pivotal in modulating immune activity within the HCC tumor microenvironment. Targeting the VEGFC-NF-κB (non-canonical)-HEV axis could be a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance antitumor immunity and improve outcomes in patients with HCC who are receiving combination AAD plus ICB therapy.