Reinforced medication adherence improvesHelicobacter pylorieradication rate in developing countries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Background The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) remains variable for the same eradication regime even in the identical region, especially in developing countries. Herein, we conducted a systematic review to assess the effect of reinforced medication adherence on H. pylori eradication rate in developing countries. Materials and Methods A systematic review was conducted in literature databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to March 2023. The core indicator was the changes in eradication rate after enhanced adherence. A meta‐analysis was performed to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Nineteen RCTs that included a total of 3286 patients were assessed. The measures to enhance compliance were mainly through face‐to‐face communication, phone calls, text messages, and social software. Compared with the control group, patients received reinforced measures showed a better medication adherence (89.6% vs. 71.4%, RR = 1.26 95% CI: 1.16–1.37), higher H. pylori eradication rate (intention‐to‐treat analysis: 80.2% vs. 65.9%, RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12–1.31; per‐protocol analysis: 86.8% vs. 74.8%, RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09–1.23), higher symptom relief rates (81.8% vs. 65.1%, RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.09–1.38), higher degree of satisfaction (90.4% vs. 65.1%, RR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.19–1.35), higher disease knowledge rates (SMD = 1.82, 95% CI: 0.77–2.86, p = 0.0007), and lower incidence of total adverse events (27.3% vs. 34.7%, RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.52–0.99). Conclusion Based on available evidence, reinforced medication adherence as a nonnegligible measure improves H. pylori eradication rate in developing countries.