Nutrigenomics Research: A Review

In past 20 years, it has been told us to take nutrient-rich food for maintaining good health. Recently, it is studied that nutrient is responsible for the modification of gene and protein expression and at last influences cellular and organismal metabolism. Nutritional genomics, i.e., nutrigenomics, is behind the alteration of gene–diet interaction. The diverse tissue and organ-specific results of bioactive dietary components consist of gene expression patterns (transcriptome), enterprise of the chromatin (epigenome), protein expression patterns, inclusive of post-translational modifications (proteome), as nicely as metabolite profiles (metabolome). Nutrigenomics goes deeper, using molecular tools to become aware of how vitamins and bioactive meal compounds alter the DNA transcription and translation process, affecting the expression of genes that alter essential metabolic pathways, which may also finally affect health results. Ultimately, nutrigenomics will give the gene-nutrient information for restoring health and preventing nutrient-related disease. In this chapter, we provide an overview of nutrigenomics, gene–nutrient interactions, role on human health, and future opportunities.