Differential Ultrasound Rates Mirror Sex Disparities in Thyroid Cancer

Expanding ultrasound use has increased the detection of thyroid cancer. Incidence has always been higher among females, a disparity that has grown over time. The sex difference in thyroid cancer is understudied in the context of diagnostic testing, particularly among privately insured adults in whom thyroid cancer is most common. We evaluated the association between thyroid ultrasound, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), and cancer incidence by sex in a large, integrated health system.