The risk of childhood asthma across diverse climates: growing up in Australia

This study investigates the association between climate and childhood asthma in Australia. Data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) was used to analyse this association in children who were 6–15 years between 2004 and 2018. Asthma prevalence decreased from 16% at 6–7 years to 13% at 14–15 years. Associations between climate zones and childhood asthma were observed in Zone 4 (hot dry Summer, cold Winter; Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.31; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.07–1.62), Zone 5 (mild/warm Summer, cold Winter; OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04–1.45), and Zone 6 (hot dry Summer, mild Winter; OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.02–1.58), although these associations were attenuated in the adjusted model. Key predictors of asthma included parental asthma history (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 3.00; 95% CI: 2.48–3.64), breastfeeding for under six months (AOR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.10–1.64), maternal depression during pregnancy (AOR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.04–1.66) and male sex (AOR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.08–1.58). The findings highlight the influence of climate, along with other risk factors including parental asthma history and maternal depression during pregnancy, on the onset and exacerbation of childhood asthma.