Hydrogel loaded with cerium-manganese nanoparticles and nerve growth factor enhances spinal cord injury repair by modulating immune microenvironment and promoting neuronal regeneration

再生(生物学) 免疫系统 脊髓损伤 神经生长因子 化学 脊髓 细胞生物学 再生医学 神经科学 医学 免疫学 生物 生物化学 细胞 受体
作者
Zhaoyang Gong,Zhenhao Chen,Dachuan Li,Xiao Lu,Jian Wu,Hongtao Sun,Ximeng Wang,Siyang Liu,Xinlei Xia,Feizhou Lu,Jianyuan Jiang,Chi Sun,Hongli Wang,Feng Zeng,Xiaosheng Ma
出处
期刊:Journal of Nanobiotechnology [BioMed Central]
卷期号:23 (1)
标识
DOI:10.1186/s12951-025-03098-3
摘要

Spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment remains a formidable challenge, as current therapeutic approaches provide only marginal relief and fail to reverse the underlying tissue damage. This study aims to develop a novel composite material combining enzymatic nanoparticles and nerve growth factor (NGF) to modulate the immune microenvironment and enhance SCI repair. CeMn nanoparticles (NP) and CeMn NP-polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanozymes were synthesized via sol–gel reaction and DSPE-mPEG modification. Transmission Electron Microscopy, Selected-Area Electron Diffraction, X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy confirmed their crystalline structure, mixed-valence states, and redox properties. Size uniformity, biocompatibility, and catalytic activity were assessed via hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, and elemental analysis. The Lightgel/NGF/CeMn NP-PEG composite was synthesized and characterized via electron microscopy, compression testing, rheological analysis, NGF release kinetics, and 30-day degradation studies. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the composite on SCI. The Lightgel/NGF/CeMn NP-PEG composite was successfully synthesized, exhibiting favorable physical properties. At a CeMn NP-PEG concentration of 4 µg/mL, the composite maintained cell viability and demonstrated enhanced biological activity. It also showed superior mechanical properties and an effective NGF release profile. Notably, the composite significantly upregulated the expression of nerve growth-associated proteins, reduced inflammatory cytokines, scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS), and promoted M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. In a rat SCI model, it facilitated functional recovery and attenuated inflammation. The Lightgel/NGF/CeMn NP-PEG composite shows significant therapeutic promise for SCI, effectively eliminating ROS, promoting M2 macrophage polarization, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and supporting neuronal regeneration. These effects substantially enhance motor function in SCI rats, positioning it as a promising candidate for future clinical applications.
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