Analytical Techniques For Analysis of Metals and Minerals in The Soil Samples

<div>Soils are the reservoirs of major, trace, and micro-nutrient elements.</div><div>Determination of total metal content is important not only for geochemical application,</div><div>but also for agriculture and environmental protection of living organisms.</div><div>Determination of the total metal content is of interest for investigation of their mobility</div><div>through the layers of soil, bioavailability for plant uptake, and animal/human</div><div>consumption. In this chapter analytical techniques for analysis of metals from the soil</div><div>samples are discussed. Quantitative analysis of the soil samples with fast and effective</div><div>instrumental techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), flame atomic</div><div>absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS), graphite furnace or thermoelectric atomic absorption</div><div>spectroscopy (GF-AAS, ET-AAS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), neutron</div><div>activation analysis (NAA), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are described for the</div><div>application in soil analysis. The pretreatment methods and basic procedures for</div><div>separation of different elements, such as sequential and selective extraction, as well as</div><div>novel extraction techniques have been highlighted. The different instrumental</div><div>techniques, used for the characterization of metal ions, have been examined in terms of</div><div>their limits, accuracy, reproducibility, and precision.</div>