索引
内容(测量理论)
意义(存在)
判决
背景(考古学)
感知
语言哲学
认识论
位于
领域
语言学
心理表征
绝对(哲学)
点(几何)
心理学
哲学
形而上学
计算机科学
数学
认知
历史
人工智能
数学分析
考古
神经科学
几何学
出处
期刊:Oxford University Press eBooks
[Oxford University Press]
日期:2007-09-27
被引量:221
标识
DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199230532.001.0001
摘要
Abstract Our thought and talk are situated: they do not take place in a vacuum but always in a context, and they always concern an external situation relative to which they are to be evaluated. Since that is so, this book argues, our linguistic and mental representations alike must be assigned two layers of content: the explicit content, or lekton, is relative and perspectival, while the complete content, which is absolute, involves contextual factors in addition to what is explicitly represented. Far from reducing to the context-independent meaning of the sentence-type or, in the psychological realm, to the ‘narrow’ content of mental representations, the lekton is a level intermediate between context-invariant meaning and full propositional content. Recognition of that intermediate level is the key to a proper understanding of context-dependence in language and thought. Going beyond the usual discussions of indexicality and unarticulated constituents in the philosophy of language, this book turns to the philosophy of mind for decisive arguments in favour of this approach. The book shows, first, that the lekton is the notion of content we need if we are to understand properly the relations between perception, memory, and the imagination, and second, that the psychological ‘mode’ is what determines the situation the lekton is relative to. In this framework the book provides a detailed account of de se thought and the first person point of view. The last part of the book discusses the special freedom we have, in discourse and thought, to shift the situation of evaluation. It traces that freedom to a special mode — the anaphoric mode — which enables us to go beyond the egocentric stage of pre-human thought.
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