Retracted: In vivo and in vitro effects of PTH1‐34 on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells through regulating microRNA‐155

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH1‐34) on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by the regulation of miR‐155. A total of 36 adult volunteers were selected in this study. Effects of PTH1‐34 on the proliferation of hBMSCs and miR‐155 expression were investigated using a MTT assay. The hBMSCs were divided into blank, PTH1‐34, miR‐155 mimic, miR‐155 mimic negative control (NC), miR‐155 inhibitor, miR‐155 inhibitor NC, PTH1‐34 + miR‐155 mimic, PTH1‐34 + miR‐155 inhibitor, and NPS R‐568 groups. Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) mouse models were established by ovariectomy (OVX) and divided into ten groups. The RT‐qPCR and Western blotting assay were carried out to detect the expression of osteogenesis/adipogenic‐related genes and miR‐155, and osteogenesis/adipogenic‐related proteins. PTH1‐34 could promote hBMSCs proliferation and inhibit miR‐155 expression in a dose‐dependent manner. Compared with the blank control group, expressions of Runx2, and BSP was up‐regulated in the PTH1‐34 and miR‐155 inhibitor groups, while expressions of miR‐155, PPAR‐γ, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4), adiponectin, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) were down‐regulated. In the in vivo experiment, compared with the OVX group, the BMD and expressions of Runx2 and BSP was up‐regulated in the PTH1‐34, miR‐155 inhibitor, and PTH1‐34 + miR‐155 inhibitor groups, while expressions of PPAR‐γ, LPL, Fabp4, adiponectin, and C/EBPα were down‐regulated. The miR‐155 mimic and NPS R‐568 groups followed opposite trends. PTH1‐34 could promote the osteogenic differentiation and inhibits adipogenic differentiation of hBMSCs through down‐regulating miR‐155 in PMOP mice.