活性物质
微尺度化学
拓扑(电路)
物理
理论物理学
数学
生物
细胞生物学
组合数学
数学教育
作者
Sadasivan Shankar,Anton Souslov,Mark J. Bowick,M. Cristina Marchetti,Vincenzo Vitelli
标识
DOI:10.1038/s42254-022-00445-3
摘要
In active matter systems, individual constituents convert energy into non-conservative forces or motion at the microscale, leading to morphological features and transport properties that do not occur in equilibrium and that are robust against certain perturbations. In recent years, a fruitful method for analysing these features has been to use tools from topology. In this Review, we focus on topological defects and topologically protected edge modes, with an emphasis on the distinctive properties they acquire in active media. These paradigmatic examples represent two physically distinct classes of phenomena that are robust thanks to a common mathematical origin: the presence of topological invariants. Beyond active matter, our Review underscores the role of topological excitations in non-equilibrium settings of relevance, from open quantum systems to living matter. Active matter encompasses various non-equilibrium systems in which individual constituents convert energy into non-conservative forces or motion at the microscale. This Review provides an elementary introduction to the role of topology in active matter through experimentally relevant examples.
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