The role of interleukin-18 in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer

Originally described as an interferon (IFN)-γ-inducing factor, interleukin (IL)-18 has been reported to be involved in Th1 and Th2 immune responses, as well as in activation of NK cells and macrophages. There is convincing evidence that IL-18 plays an important role in various pathologies (i.e. inflammatory diseases, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Crohn's disease and others). Recently, IL-18 has also been shown to execute specific effects in pancreatic diseases, including acute and chronic pancreatitis, as well as pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to give a profound review of recent data on the role of IL-18 and its potential as a therapeutic target in pancreatic diseases. The existing data on this topic are in part controversial and will be discussed in detail. Future studies should aim to confirm and clarify the role of IL-18 in pancreatic diseases and unravel their molecular mechanisms.