FOXP3 and RORγt: Transcriptional regulation of Treg and Th17

FOXP3+CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T (Treg) cells and IL-17 producing helper T cells (Th17) are critical subsets of T cells which play essential roles in immune homeostasis. The Forkhead family transcription factor FOXP3 is predominantly expressed in Treg cells, where the FOXP3 ensemble is essential for Treg cell development and function. As FOXP3 is to Treg cells, the orphan retinoic acid nuclear receptor (ROR) family transcription factor RORγt is essential for Th17 development and function. In this review, we summarize recent progress of our understanding towards the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation and function of FOXP3+ Treg cells and RORγt expressing Th17 cells. These may provide new insights into therapeutic intervention and targeting of human immune-deficient diseases.