封堵器
体内
脂多糖
势垒函数
维甲酸
紧密连接
小肠结肠炎
坏死性小肠结肠炎
碳酸钙-2
炎症
微生物学
回肠
生物
免疫学
体外
内科学
医学
内分泌学
生物化学
生物技术
细胞生物学
基因
作者
Sa Xiao,Qiuping Li,Kun Hu,Yu He,Qing Ai,Liuhong Hu,Jialin Yu
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.04.003
摘要
Exaggerated inflammation that characterizes necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is caused by the invasion of pathogens through an immature intestinal barrier. Vitamin A (VA) and retinoic acid (RA) play important roles in the growth of epithelial tissue and in modulating immune function.To investigate the roles of VA and RA in the development of NEC.Levels of serum retinol in patients and in a NEC mouse model were detected with high-performance liquid chromatography. Bacterial communities of NEC mice treated with VA or PBS were detected by high-throughput sequencing. In vitro and in vivo, levels of inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR, and expression levels of claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 were detected by Western blotting. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured in Caco-2 cell monolayers.The level of VA in the NEC patients was lower than in the control patients. In the NEC mice that were treated with VA versus PBS, the proportion of Escherichia-Shigella was lower, while the abundance of Bacteroides was markedly higher. Both in vivo and in vitro, the levels of inflammatory factors were significantly reduced, while the expression levels of claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 were increased, after the VA and RA treatments. Meanwhile, TEER was increased and lipopolysaccharide-induced damage was reduced in Caco-2 cell monolayers after RA treatment.These results suggest that VA may regulate intestinal flora, alleviate inflammatory reactions, and enhance the intestinal epithelial barrier in NEC. Thus, VA may be an effective drug for providing protection against NEC in newborns.
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