Fully Decentralized P2P Energy Trading in Active Distribution Networks With Voltage Regulation

Peer-to-peer energy trading in an active distribution network can contribute to benefit sharing among multiple prosumers and efficient accommodation of distributed renewable energy. Nevertheless, the distribution voltage constraints should be satisfied such that the energy transactions can be securely implemented in the physical system. To this end, this paper develops a fully decentralized dual-loop peer-to-peer energy trading mechanism with voltage regulation capability. In the inner-loop process, the self-interested energy prosumers iteratively achieve optimal energy trading via multi-bilateral negotiation without considering network constraints. Then, the prosumers coordinatedly optimize their reactive power in a decentralized way endeavoring to satisfy the voltage constraints. If no physically feasible solution is detected, an outer-loop iterative process is activated, where the over-/under-voltage prosumers autonomously adjust their trading quantities to clear the voltage problem. Various case studies are performed in the standard IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus test feeders involving multiple energy prosumers to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed scheme.