Partial organic fertilizer substitution promotes soil multifunctionality by increasing microbial community diversity and complexity

肥料 芽单胞菌门 土壤碳 环境科学 肥料 农学 土壤有机质 固碳 酸杆菌 土壤肥力 土壤pH值 土壤水分 化学 蛋白质细菌 生物 氮气 土壤科学 细菌 有机化学 遗传学 16S核糖体RNA
作者
Quan Tang,Yongqiu Xia,Chaopu Ti,Jun Shan,Wei Zhou,Chenglin LI,Xing Yan,Xiaoyuan Yan
出处
期刊:Pedosphere [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:33 (3): 407-420 被引量:63
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.pedsph.2022.06.044
摘要

Partial substitution of synthetic nitrogen (N) with organic fertilizers (PSOF) is of great significance in improving soil ecosystem functions in systems that have deteriorated due to the excessive application of chemical N fertilizer. However, existing studies typically focus on individual soil functions, neglecting the fact that multiple functions occur simultaneously. It remains unclear how PSOF influences multiple soil functions and whether these impacts are related to soil microbial communities. Here, we examined the impacts of partial substitutions (25%−50%) of chemical N fertilizer with organic form (pig manure or municipal sludge) in a vegetable field on soil multifunctionality, by measuring a range of soil functions involving primary production (vegetable yield and quality), nutrient cycling (soil enzyme activities, ammonia volatilization, N leaching, and N runoff), and climate regulation (soil organic carbon sequestration and nitrous oxide emission). We observed that PSOF improved soil multifunctionality, with a 50% substitution of chemical N fertilizer with pig manure being the best management practice; the result was strongly related to the diversities and network complexities of bacteria and fungi. Random forest analysis further revealed that soil multifunctionality was best explained by the bacterial-fungal network complexity, followed by available phosphorus level and bacterial diversity. The PSOF also shifted the composition of bacterial and fungal communities, with increased relative abundances of dominant bacteria phyla, such as Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, and Myxococcota, and fungal phyla, such as Basidiomycota and Olpidiomycota. The observed increases in soil multifunctionality were consistent with significant increases in the relative abundances of keystone taxa such as Blastocladiomycota, Chaetomiaceae, and Nocardiopsaceae. Together, these findings indicate that PSOF can enhance interactions within and among microbial communities and that such practices have the potential to improve soil ecosystem multifunctionality and contribute to the development of sustainable agriculture.
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