The energy market and energy policy in Sweden 1965–1984

Abstract At the beginning of the 1970s, Sweden was running an oil-based energy system. All oil was imported. The rising oil prices caused a variety of conservation and conversion processes. In spite of an ambitious energy policy, most of the adjustments are explained by market arguments, prices and incomes. The share of oil has halved during the 10-yr period 1974–1984. This change has taken place in favour of electricity and district heating. Conservation activities have mainly taken oil out of the system. At least 3 4 of this adjustment is explained by price and income changes. Changes have occurred to the energy carrier with the best cost-expectations. During the 1970s, conversion occurred to district heating and, during the 1980s, to electricity heating. Design of an economical energy policy for housing is also described and discussed.