Photocatalytic degradation of drugs by supported titania-based catalysts produced from petrochemical plant residue

A series of eleven drugs, namely, atorvastatin calcium, diclofenac sodium, fluoxetine, ketoconazole, ibuprofen, dexamethasone, tioconazole, naphazoline hydrochloride, valsartan, guaifenesin and paracetamol, were comparatively degraded under UV and visible radiation in the presence of a supported photocatalyst generated from the catalyst residue from a Ziegler–Natta catalyst petrochemical plant. The presence of Mg (4.4%) and Ti (2.5%) afforded a catalyst that was active over the UV and visible spectral regions. For comparative reasons, commercial P25 (titania) was also evaluated. Among the tested systems, the highest drug degradation was observed under UV (48.6%) and visible (45.2%) radiation with the synthesized photocatalyst, whereas under the same conditions, the commercial P25 catalyst achieved 66.3% and 50.2% degradation, for UV and visible radiation, respectively. Despite the comparable degradation capability, the proposed photocatalyst could be reused five times without losing catalyst activity.