Mutations of the Second Extracellular Loop of the Human Lutropin Receptor Emphasize the Importance of Receptor Activation and De-emphasize the Importance of Receptor Phosphorylation in Agonist-induced Internalization

Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the second extracellular loop of the human lutropin receptor (hLHR) showed that mutation of most of the residues present in this region either enhance or impair the internalization of agonist. A more complete analysis of four mutants, two that enhanced internalization (F515A and T521A) and two that impaired internalization (S512A and V519A), showed that the two mutants that impaired internalization also show a decrease in the sensitivity for agonist-induced cAMP accumulation, whereas the two mutants that enhanced internalization show an increase in the sensitivity for agonist-induced cAMP accumulation. None of these mutants had an effect on the agonist-induced phosphorylation of the hLHR, however. We conclude that, in contrast to the prevailing view of the relative importance of receptor phosphorylation in the internalization of G protein-coupled receptors, the phosphorylation of the hLHR is less important than the agonist-induced activation of the hLHR in the process of internalization.