Properties of piezoelectric ceramics in the solid-solution series lead titanate-lead zirconate-lead oxide: Tin oxide and lead titanate-lead hafnate

Co mpositional proximity to a morphotropic t ransformation between two ferroelectric solid-s olution phases seems to yie ld ceramic transducers having desirable properties over a wide range of te mperature.Examples of t his phenomenon were observed in the systems PbTi03-PbZr03, PbTi03-PbO:Sn02, PbTi03-PbZr03-PbO:SnO" and PbTi03-PbHf03.The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ceramics having compos itions in these syste ms and in t he system PbZr03-PbO:Sn02 are described .The composition Pb (Ti .. 5Zr .5,)0 3 ex hibits a high radial coupli ng coefficient, greater than 0.3, for temperatures a s high as 275 0 C and has t he highest g31 constant, 1l .7 X 10-3 volt -meters per ne\\•toll.For the ser ies of compos itions containing 30 perce nt PbO:SnO, in the ternary system PbTi03-PbZr03-PbO:Sn02 the tetragonal composition nearest the morphotropic boundary has the highes t d31 value, 74 X 10-12 coul ombs per newton .The rhombohedral composition nea rest.the morphotropic boundary sho\\'s the least change of fr equenc y co nstant with temperature, a 2 perce nt variat io n over t he ra nge of 25 0 to 225 0 C.