Emerging trends in BCI-robotics for motor control and rehabilitation

Neuroengineering research over the last two decades has demonstrated promising evidence on the use of brain-computer interface (BCI) to enhance functional recovery and independence in individuals with motor impairments. By translating brain activity, BCI bypasses the impaired neuromotor system, to control computers/machines. BCI-controlled robots are designed for motor assistance to aid paralyzed patients as well as for rehabilitation to enhance motor recovery. In this article, we review the advances in BCI and brain controlled robotics for rehabilitation and assistance of upper and lower limb motor functions over the last five years. The article emphasizes on the emerging trends in BCI-controlled robotics to expand its intervention capabilities as well as to resolve existing challenges hindering its widespread clinical use.