父亲照料
生物
人类受精
生殖成功
配子
生殖策略
动物
繁殖
生态学
人口学
遗传学
怀孕
后代
社会学
人口
作者
Frieda Benun Sutton,Anthony B. Wilson
出处
期刊:Evolution
[Wiley]
日期:2019-10-29
卷期号:73 (12): 2451-2460
被引量:19
摘要
Parental care shows remarkable variation across the animal kingdom, but while maternal and biparental care are common in terrestrial organisms, male‐only care dominates in aquatic species that provide care. Using the most complete phylogenetic tree of bony fishes to date, we test whether the opportunity for external fertilization in aquatic environments can explain the more frequent evolution of male care in this group. We show that paternal care has evolved at least 30 times independently in fish and is found exclusively in externally fertilizing species. Male care is positively associated with pair spawning, suggesting that confidence in paternity is an important determinant of the evolution of care. Crucially, while female care is constrained by other forms of reproductive investment, male care occurs more frequently when females invest heavily in gamete production. Our results suggest that moving control of fertilization outside of the female reproductive tract raises male confidence in parentage and increases the potential for paternal care, highlighting that in an aquatic environment in which fertilization is external, paternal care is an effective reproductive strategy.
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