State of Health and Life Cycle Prediction of In-Vehicle Lead Acid Battery

Three-wheel battery-operated vehicles are the most popular kind of public transportation in Asian countries. The most apparent and cheaper version of on board energy generation source for this three wheeler is the traction battery pack mainly designed by lead acid batteries. In this study, an effort is made to close the gap by using a real-time battery monitoring system to investigate the battery health and battery aging-related parameter using modified Coulomb counting and a data-driven model. A proposed hardware based methodology is implemented to a series connected multiple lead-acid battery strings of a typical three-wheeler for the selected drive cycle. The method is used to measure the effective depth of discharge for an actual drive cycle, dynamically variation of internal resistance at different depth of discharge level, voltage and current to estimate and compare the battery health of a on board battery pack. The field test and comparison of the test results against three-wheelers provide evidence of the concept that internal resistance varies from 2% to 150% depending on battery ageing and significantly affects the terminal voltage drop at different discharge levels.