Evaluation of the nephroprotective properties of silver nanoparticles green-mediated by arabic gum on the lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury

Arabic gum is one of the most characteristic plants in traditional medicine and it has many uses. This substance can help to cure many diseases. Nowadays, arabic gum is added to the food of many people who need dialysis. The properties of arabic gum are many and can help to treat the kidneys and have amazing effects. Recently, the scietists have used the silver nanoparticles due to their protective effects. In this study, silver nanoaprticles were green synthesized in aqueous media in the presence of arabic gum. The NPs were characterized by techniques of UV–Vis, TEM, XRD, FE-SEM, and EDX. In the in vivo design, mice treated by silver nanoaprticles, then the acue kidney injury was induced by lipopolysaccharide. On 10th day, all animals were anesthesized and blood and kidney were separated. The blood serum gained for determining the BUN and creatinine and left kidneys were frozen for cellular and molecular studies and half of right kidneys were stained through H & E and PAS and another half was sent for IHC staining. Silver nanoaprticles was formed in the spherical morphology with a crystal size of 24.19 to 64.9 nm. Administration of 15, 30, 60 and 120 µg/kg silver nanoparticles significantly decreased KIM-1 and NGAL expression, however, KIM-1 and NGAL were expressed at very high levels in the untreated group and a significant decrease was seen at the control group. Tubular cell necrosis and renal tubular vacuolation were seen in lipopolysaccharide-injected mice, and the silver nanoparticles administration attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced structural injury. Serum creatinine and BUN levels, which are renal function biomarkers, were significantly decreased in silver nanoparticles treatment. Silver nanoparticles treatment significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced reactive oxygen species generation. According to the above results, the recent formulation can be used in the treatment of nephropathy diseases such as acute kidney injury.