诺如病毒
爆发
环境卫生
医学
水传播病
公共卫生
弯曲杆菌
传输(电信)
沙门氏菌
兽医学
病毒学
生物
护理部
细菌
电气工程
遗传学
工程类
出处
期刊:Pediatrics in Review
[American Academy of Pediatrics]
日期:2023-02-01
卷期号:44 (2): 81-91
被引量:6
标识
DOI:10.1542/pir.2022-005621
摘要
Safe water and food are impactful public health measures that improved significantly during the past century in the United States. But waterborne and foodborne illnesses continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality despite existing public health control measures and regulations. It was estimated that each year in the United States, 31 pathogens caused 37.2 million illnesses, with 36.4 million domestically acquired. Of those, 9.4 million were foodborne: 59% were caused by viruses, 39% by bacteria, and 2% by parasites. The pathogens that caused the most foodborne illnesses were norovirus (58%), nontyphoidal Salmonella species (11%), Clostridium perfringens (10%), and Campylobacter species (9%). Unspecified agents caused an estimated 38.4 million episodes of domestically acquired foodborne gastroenteritis, 258,033 hospitalizations, and 3,574 deaths. The estimate for illnesses caused by waterborne transmission was 7.15 million. The diseases that caused the greatest number were otitis externa (n = 4.67 million), norovirus (n = 1.33 million), giardiasis (n = 415,000), and cryptosporidiosis (n = 322,000). An important aspect of management and prevention is health-care provider reporting of foodborne and waterborne illnesses. Health-care provider reporting of reportable diseases has been inconsistent, infrequent, and delayed. Education efforts concerning reporting need to be enhanced, and physicians should report suspected cases before laboratory confirmation to enhance the timeliness of outbreak investigation and possibly prevent subsequent cases.
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