New developments in gas sensing using various two-dimensional architectural designs

Prior to widespread sensor deployments being used to create networks for applications like fuel-based home appliances, industrial emissions, and vehicle emissions, it is crucial to find a solution to the issue of gas sensor selectivity. Equally important is the ability to detect low ppm concentrations of gases. Two-dimensional materials, also known as 2D materials, are superior candidates for high performance gas detection because of dramatic changes in resistivity upon molecular adsorption, high surface-to-volume ratio, tunable electronic properties, and high surface activities. In this review article, we give a brief introduction to the fascinating applications for various toxic gas sensing applications with a wide range of architectural designs. In this category are devices known as field effect transistors (FETs), which are based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), integration of TMDs with reduced graphene (TMDs/rGr), TMDs heterostructures (2D/2D), TMDs/metal interfaces, double heterostructures (2D/2D/2D), TMDs doped with metal–organic framework (MOF), and TMDs/MXene heterostructures. Due to the intriguing characteristics at the junction interface, van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures of 2D materials have a great deal of potential for electronic devices. The high-performance and low-power gas sensors that are essential in the Internet of Things (IoT) era and that significantly raise the standard of living the world over are constructed using the promising methods based on 2D materials in this overview. Finally, it concludes by summarizing the opportunities and challenges that are currently present.