Crystallization Modulation and Comprehensive Defect Passivation by Carbonyl Functionalized Spacer Cation Towards High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

in precursor solution suppress the formation of 2D perovskite. As a result, the L-ABEHCl passivates the defects at GBs in the form of organic salts and passivates interface defects in the form of 2D perovskite. Due to minimized carrier nonradiative recombination losses, the inverted devices using synergistic modulation strategy achieve a maximum PCE of 25.77 % (certified stabilized PCE of 25.59 %), which is one of the highest PCEs ever reported for the devices based on vacuum flash evaporation method. The unencapsulated target device maintains 90.85 % of its initial PCE after 2300 h of continuous maximum power point tracking, among the most excellent stabilities accomplished by inverted devices.